Business Statistics Business in Medical Sector

Question: Depict about the Business Statistics for Business in Medical Sector. Answer: Presentation The business in clinical division has encountered an extreme move in the association of the individuals with the progression in innovation and web based life promoting. In addition, with appearance of PCs, web based business just as web has influenced the media innovation while having an effect by and by and in future. Internet based life advertising is one of the new idea presented in clinical the travel industry dependent on the way that the clients in quest for medicines are voyaging. Nonetheless, internet based life showcasing will give clients a base on their interest, instruction and clinical level training to where they can get best of offices (Hall, 2013). Examination Aims and Motivation of the Project The examination point of the investigation features the imminent of clinical the travel industry in India with extraordinary reference to Chennai that has not exclusively been viewed as a center point for clinical vacationers yet in addition consolidates online networking showcasing as one of the apparatus in increasing upper hand for India to develop trust and unwaveringness of universal patients (Babu Gade, 2014). In addition, it is portrayed that regular the travel industry has gotten a side-effect in the ascent of clinical the travel industry with stressed privatization of medicinal services in quickened globalization with the adjustment in innovation of utilizing web based life showcasing as a method of advancement (Holden, 2016). Examination Objectives The examination goals that that helps hotel investigating the whole examination can be given as: To assess the job of clinical the travel industry in India dependent via web-based networking media showcasing with uncommon reference to Chennai. To examine the essentialness of impact of internet based life promoting on clinical the travel industry in India particularly in setting to Chennai. To examine and consider the manners by which internet based life advertising increases the value of clients by giving goal to clinical the travel industry To propose the potential suggestions that can improve the techniques for web based life advertising in Indias clinical the travel industry. Exploration Questions The inquiries that administer the exploration can be given as: What is the job of clinical the travel industry in India dependent via web-based networking media showcasing with uncommon reference to Chennai? What is the centrality of impact via web-based networking media advertising on clinical the travel industry in India particularly in setting to Chennai? How web based life showcasing increases the value of clients by giving goal to clinical the travel industry? What are the potential recommendations to improve the strategies for web based life promoting in clinical the travel industry of India? Foundation of the Study India has the sprouting medicinal services area and is based on the solid establishment of vigorous development through the ascent in per capita salary, mindfulness about dangers, cost viability and the selection of internet based life advertising. Online life showcasing is one of the system conceived by India, which is utilized to disperse data in giving powerful reaction to address client issues just as complaints as well as to connect with clients to impact clients choice examples dependent on the underlying mindfulness made (Devi, 2012). Notwithstanding while at the same time taking in thought, the impacts of web-based social networking advertising in India and particularly in Chennai, it has been seen that Chennai has been one of the center of clinical the travel industry. Chennai has been called to be Indias wellbeing capital on the grounds that the nature of medical clinics just as specialists. In any case, the state draws in 45% of the all out remote clinical sightseers origi nating from abroad for treatment to such an extent that with emergency clinics, the inns, visitor houses and resorts in a joint effort with the medical clinics (Kumar Raj, 2015). Writing Review Clinical the travel industry is a blossoming segment in India. It was evaluated to be a US$3 Billion clinical division in October 2015, with a development projection of US$ 7-8 Billion by 2020. In contrast with created nations, India gives world-class medicinal services offices at a much lower cost. India is the main nation that gives best in class social insurance administrations and highest caliber of all clinical the travel industry goals at standard with first world nations at one tenth expense of the administrations gave by its US partner, as cited by the Medical Tourism Report of 2015 (Sharma, Sharma Padroo, 2016). After the US and the UK being the biggest source nations for clinical the travel industry in India, presently the Bangladeshis and the Afghans represented 30 percent of outside patients during October 2015. An extreme move has been seen over the most recent 40 years on how individuals lead business tasks after the presentation of PCs, Internet, and web based business strategies. Internet based life is generally mainstream among the young people of the nation just as the simple UIs have permitted individuals from the past ages to likewise become acclimated to this type of showcasing (Van Dijck, 2013). Individuals are social ordinarily and the data they assemble from such mediums is significant. Web-based social networking is here to state and there is no choice to pick it any longer. Probably the greatest change Indias medicinal services parts is encountering is the adjustment in the clients viewpoint about social insurance administrations with the commencement of cutting edge advanced mediums (Dawn Pal, 2011). Today with the innovative sharpness of clients, they have all the fundamental data at the palm of their hands with simple access to the perspectives and assessments of others for snappy audits and information about infections and sickness. Online networking is the opening for advertisers to draw in and carefully interface with clients (Gregson et al., 2015). The city of Chennai is regularly called the social insurance capital of India. It is evaluated that the Super and Multi-Specialty emergency clinics ordinary get around 150 patients over the city. Chennai charms around 45 percent of remote sightseers showing up in the nation with 200 outside patients regular searching for amazing wellbeing offices at expendable costs and records for 30 percent of household wellbeing travelers (Debata, 2013). The patients from different nations just as from various states from India are assessed of 12,500 beds in the city as household populace just oppresses half of them. The creation of paramedics just as the greatest number of specialists and paramedics in the nation is finished by the state. The legislature has plans to start a medicity, which will have an open and private stake in its activities with a dream to grow the extent of clinical the travel industry by 2020. Inferable from the administration backing and endorses of the two emergency clinic s and eccentric clinical practices has made the express the most favored goal for medicinal services the travel industry (Chakravarthi, 2011). In Chennai, the utilization of internet based life as an advertising apparatus and a stage for clients to accumulate data has changed the social insurance industry of the state. It fits the patients way of life to join powerful systems. For instance: there are different applications for patients where he/she is determined to have a clinical issue/condition, and the patient themselves can explore about the ailment through online gatherings to be all around educated about their own condition. Different clients can help the online network by posting pertinent substance and musings by driving clinical masters and specialists. Patients can likewise ask about the important expenses and weigh out different choices, which can prompt reasonable clinical consideration and medicines through an overview online without anyone else. It assists clients with depending on shared conclusions and surveys to help make up their brains without talking with the clinic concerned (Shore, 2012). Thus, emergen cy clinics take care in giving the best clinical administrations to patients so as to keep a positive rating in the online world to pull in more clients, this implies the medical clinics consistently need to up their game so as to not to lose client base. Plainly, for brands and advertisers in the human services industry, the street ahead is smooth and stacked with circumstances and difficulties. Selection of online life channels by the human services industry in India is the initial step to speak with their clients in a more straightforward and cheerful manner by which the fundamental thought process is to make progress toward the best client experience for both, the local populace just as our worldwide visitors (KM DSouza, 2012). The internet based life models help give farsightedness to amplify powerful client commitment, empowers investigation and bits of knowledge to the most up to date advancements on near reason for the client to concentrate totally upon the significance according to the necessity (Kumar Raj, 2015). Exploration Gap The exploration hole in the examination can be featured dependent on the distributed information, as exploration should be directed on a huge example that not just covers ebb and flow difficulties that the clinical the travel industry holds yet additionally vital territories for future investigation into clinical the travel industry and its relationship with online life showcasing in Chennai. Numerous issues have been raised into more prominent consideration towards therapeutically inspired travel of outsiders to India looking for gold human services. The examination comes up short on the proof that India being a creating nation has been confronting parcel of difficulties whether budgetary or authoritative in the human services area. Despite what might be expected, while examining the heterogeneity in the wellbeing the travel industry business the experimental proof is imperative to assess the medicinally propelled travel in the arrangement of giving wellbeing administrations through online life advertising (Behrmann Smith, 2010). Exploration Hypothesis The exploration theory that can add importance to the examination can be given as: H0 (Null Hypothesis) Social media promoting has made no impact on clinical the travel industry in Chennai, India. H1 (Alternate Hypothesis) Social media promoting has made critical yet beneficial outcome on clinical the travel industry in Chennai, India. Exploration Design and Methodology Exploration Paradigm The exploration worldview is utilized an instrument to empower various devices and methods to complete the butt-centric

The Recruitment and Selection of Sales Staff Essay

The Recruitment and Selection of Sales Staff - Essay Example It targets guaranteeing that an association enlists the most skillful work power that will assist it with meeting its objectives and goals. Thusly enrollment can be a wellspring of accomplishment or disappointment for the association. The expense of determination and enlistment can weigh intensely on the association dependent on the manner in which the entire procedure will be done. So as to have an equipped workforce, numerous associations have adopted a deliberate strategy to the enlistment and determination of staff. They have set up an instrument that guarantees that they draw in and select the best workforce in the market. This has been accomplished by guaranteeing that the procedure depends on choice on merit. The human asset division has been given the general obligation of guaranteeing that it thinks of the best choice arrangement that will guarantee that the association meets its goal in enlistment process. The human asset division must guarantee that it maintains the arrangement of equivalent work open door for all which is reflected hypothesis the enlistment structure. (Gareth 2005, p. 21) Children 'R' US is a super store that has represented considerable authority in selling of kids' garments and different supplies like toys. The store is possessed byte the ABZee Group. The gatherings has chosen to wander in the market so as to exploit the parent pound showcase which has been one of the developing business sector in the ongoing past. So as to accomplish its goal, the organization needs to o... Enlistment technique The organization will utilize outer enlistment when contrasted with inner enrollment For this situation it will enlist those from the neighborhoods. Because of the size of the organization, it will most likely be unable to get enough staffs on the off chance that it conducts inside enlistment. So as to get enough staff and carry more assortment to the new store, the organization will enroll various individuals yet from the neighborhood comprehend the requests of the nearby individuals. The organization will utilize physical meeting in mix with e-enrollment so as to get the most qualified possibility for the activity. (CIPD Factsheet, 2007) Child 'R' US as an equivalent open door business The organization is an equivalent open door business in the market and thusly the enlistment procedure will focus on all the individuals the market dependent on their capabilities. In the enlistment procedure the organization will keep on maintaining it's the arrangement of being an equivalent open door boss. It will keep on enlisting, recruit, prepare and advance in the entirety of its activity levels the most qualified and able individual with no separation dependent on race, shading, religion, sex, nationality or the sexual direction of the individual. For this situation the organization won't base its work on issues of sex favors or segregate the candidate dependent on their inabilities. Subsequently all the candidates ought to be treated as equivalent and the determination technique will be founded on the capability of the up-and-comer. The organization will likewise keep on directing other individual mater as respects issues of pay, benefits, moves, cutbacks, preparing and adva ncement, training and other social diversion programs that the organization wishes to maintain. (Torrington and Taylor2005, p. 28) Enlistment

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Eating Disorders

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Eating Disorders Eating Disorders Treatment Print Why CBT Is Usually Suggested for Eating Disorders By Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS facebook twitter linkedin Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, is a certified eating disorders expert and clinical psychologist who provides cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 16, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 02, 2019 GARO/Getty Images More in Eating Disorders Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention In This Article Table of Contents Expand History Effectiveness Cognitive Model Components Good Candidates Response to Treatment When CBT Doesn't Work View All Back To Top Cognitive behavioral therapy  (CBT) is the leading evidence-based treatment for eating disorders.?? CBT is a psychotherapeutic approach that involves a variety of techniques. These approaches help an individual to understand the interaction between his or her thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and develop strategies to change unhelpful thoughts and behaviors in order to improve mood and functioning. CBT itself is not a single distinct therapeutic technique and there are many different forms of CBT that share a common theory about the factors maintaining psychological distress. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) are examples of specific types of CBT treatments.?? CBT is typically time-limited and goal-oriented and involves homework outside of sessions. CBT emphasizes collaboration between therapist and client and active participation by the client. CBT is very effective for a number of psychiatric problems including depression, generalized anxiety disorder, phobias, and OCD. History CBT was developed in the late 1950s and 1960s by psychiatrist Aaron Beck and psychologist Albert Ellis, who emphasized the role of thoughts in influencing feelings and behaviors. CBT for eating disorders was developed in the late 1970s by G. Terence Wilson, Christopher Fairburn, and Stuart Agras. These researchers identified dietary restriction and shape and weight concerns as central to the maintenance of bulimia nervosa, developed a 20-session treatment protocol and began conducting clinical trials. In the 1990s, CBT was applied to binge eating disorder as well.?? In 2008, Fairburn published an updated treatment manual for Enhanced Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT-E) designed to treat all eating disorders. CBT-E comprises two formats: a focused treatment similar to the original manual, and a broad treatment which contains extra modules to address mood intolerance, perfectionism, low self-esteem, and interpersonal difficulties that contribute to the maintenance of eating disorders. CBT has been successfully applied in self-help and guided self-help formats for the treatment of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. It can also be provided in group formats and higher levels of care, such as residential or inpatient settings.?? More recent adaptations include the use of technology to widen the range of people who have access to effective treatments such as CBT. Research has begun on the delivery of CBT treatment by different technologies, including email, chat, mobile app, and internet-based self-help. There is also recent support for a 10-session CBT for non-underweight eating disorder patients.   Effectiveness CBT is widely considered to be the most effective therapy for the treatment of bulimia nervosa and should, therefore, usually be the initial treatment offered at the outpatient level.?? The UK’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines recommend CBT as the first-line treatment for adults with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder and one of three potential treatments to consider for adults with anorexia nervosa. One study compared five months of CBT (20 sessions) for women with bulimia nervosa with two years of weekly psychoanalytic psychotherapy.?? Seventy patients were randomly assigned to one of these two groups. After five months of therapy (the end of the CBT treatment), 42 percent of patients in the CBT group and 6 percent of the patients in the psychoanalytic therapy group had stopped binge-eating and purging. At the end of two years (completion of the psychoanalytic therapy), 44 percent of the CBT group and 15 percent of the psychoanalytic group were symptom-free.?? Another study compared CBT-E with interpersonal therapy (IPT), an alternative leading treatment for adults with an eating disorder. In the study, 130 adult patients with an eating disorder were randomly assigned to receive either CBT-E or IPT.?? Both treatments involved 20 sessions over 20 weeks, followed by a 60-week follow-up period. At post-treatment, 66 percent of the CBT-E participants met criteria for remission, compared with only 33 percent of the IPT participants. Over the follow-up period, the CBT-E remission rate remained higher (69 percent versus 49 percent). A 2018 systematic review concluded that CBT-E was an effective treatment for adults with bulimia nervosa, BED, and OSFED. It also noted that CBT-E for bulimia nervosa is highly cost-effective compared with psychoanalytic psychotherapy.?? Cognitive Model of Eating Disorders The cognitive model of eating disorders posits that the core maintaining problem in all eating disorders is overconcern with shape and weight. The specific way this overconcern manifests can vary. It can drive any of the following:?? Strict dietingLow weightBinge eatingCompensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, laxatives, and excessive exercise Further, these components can interact to create the symptoms of an eating disorder. Strict dietingâ€"including skipping meals, eating small amounts of food, and avoiding forbidden foodsâ€"can lead to low weight and/or binge eating. Low weight can lead to malnutrition and also can lead to binge eating. Bingeing can lead to intense guilt and shame and a renewed attempt to diet. It can also lead to efforts to undo the purging through compensatory behaviors. Patients typically get caught in a cycle. Components CBT is a structured treatment. In its most common form, it consists of 20 sessions. Goals are set. Sessions are spent weighing the patient, reviewing homework, reviewing the case formulation, teaching skills, and problem-solving. CBT typically includes the following components:?? Psychoeducation to understand what maintains the eating disorder and the psychological and medical consequences.Replacement of dieting with normal eatingâ€"typically three meals plus two to three snacks per day. The patient can decide what to eat as long as it resembles a meal or snack.Meal planning. The patient should plan meals ahead of time and always know “what and when” his or her next meal will be.Completion of food records immediately after eating and noting thoughts and feelings as well as behaviors.Regular weighing (usually once per week) in order to track progress and run experiments.Development of strategies to prevent binges and compensatory behaviors, such as the use of delays and alternatives and problem-solving strategies.Challenge of dietary rules. This involves identifying rules and challenging them behaviorally (such as eating after 8 p.m. or eating a sandwich for lunch).Development of continuum thinking to replace all-or-nothing thinking.The use of behavioral e xperiments. For example, if a client believes that eating a cupcake will cause a five-pound weight gain, he or she would be encouraged to consume a cupcake and see if it does. These behavioral experiments are generally much more effective than cognitive restructuring alone.Exposure to fear foods. After regular eating is well-established and compensatory behaviors are under control, patients gradually reintroduce the foods they fear.Relapse prevention to identify both strategies that have been helpful and how to deal with potential future stumbling blocks. Because the treatment is time-limited, the goal is for the patient to become his or her own therapist. Other components commonly included:?? Cessation of body checkingReduction of body avoidanceDevelopment of new sources of self-esteemChallenge of the eating disorder mindsetEnhancement of interpersonal skills Good Candidates for CBT Adults with bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and other specified eating disorder (OSFED) are potentially good candidates for CBT. Older adolescents with bulimia and binge eating disorder may also benefit from CBT.?? Response to Treatment Therapists conducting CBT aim to introduce behavioral change as early as possible. Research has shown that patients who are able to make early behavioral changes such as establishing more regular eating and reducing the frequency of purging behavior are more likely to be successfully treated at the end of treatment.?? When CBT Doesnt Work CBT is often recommended as a first-line treatment. If a trial of CBT is not successful, individuals can be referred for DBT (a specific type of CBT with greater intensity) or to a higher level of care such as partial hospitalization or residential treatment program.

Political Campaign Finance Reform Essay - 1895 Words

In a country where democracy is at the heart of all citizens, these citizens need to have a stronger voice when it comes to elections. This is why the implementation of an amendment that reforms the financing of campaigns is disputed greatly among scholars and political officials alike. The Supreme Court has ruled that corporations are entitled to first amendment rights, but the basis of this ruling is unclear. Unfortunately the overturning of such a ruling would not even guarantee a restored democracy to American elections. Some professionals see corporations and hefty donating figures as an essential part of the election process, while others believe the Citizens United v. Federal Election Committee has taking many of the rights that the†¦show more content†¦It also goes further than that, in revealing a theory of corruption based not on facts, but instead an irrefutable truth depended upon, the 100,000 page record of an earlier court case McConnell v. FEC (Teachout). The author of the article finds this precedent to be a disturbing to set, especially when Campaign Reform is at the peak of its life-cycle. Such an example shows neglect for developed and well-thought-out evidence (Teachout). In the Citizens United v. FEC case, the proof of unconstitutionality was rooted in the experience of those who passed the law, and not acquired facts (Teachout). The choice to rule based on past understandings of corruption, instead of real-world instances of corruption, can possibly have freighting ramifications for the Supreme Court (Teachout). It has also made it nearly impossible to get a new Campaign Finance Reform Act passed due to the level of opinion that was taken in the decided the ruling of the Citizens United case. The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA) was enacted to regulate the influence of primary special interests groups. 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Post Office Buildings in the US - Should We Save Them

Working Conditions for Children During Industrial Revolution Free Essays

Working Conditions of Children During the Industrial Revolution During the beginning of the industrial revolution there was a high demand for labour. Families travelled from rural farm areas to newly industrialized and larger cities in hope of finding new work. To survive even in the lowest class of poverty families would have had to have every single able family member working, this includes children. We will write a custom essay sample on Working Conditions for Children During Industrial Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now Children as young as six were put to work in factories. They worked for up too 19 hours a day with only one hours break in total. Work was hard and the children were often paid barely anything. These fragile human beings were; frequently overworked, underpaid and ill treated for a long time. They didn’t have small jobs either; their jobs were physically intense and required a lot of effort and strength. With little medical knowledge in comparison to today these children were prevented from growing healthily and naturally. Deformedness was common amongst many of the children due to the high amount of physical exertion performed by them. Their growth was slowed down and they suffered in multiple other ways. The treatment of children in factories was horrendous to say the least. They were verbally abused and little care was payed to their safety and wellbeing. Sever punishments were also in place for the slightest disobedience. It was incredibly unsafe to work in the factory environment due to the large machineries used, which very often proved a hazard to the children. With the enormous machines fingers and body parts of theses skinny children could often result in deaths due to serious injuries or accidents. Sometimes children fell asleep from working excessive hours and occasionally the sheer force of the machines would just crush them. In factories that were unsanitary there was harsh exposure to dangerous chemicals and toxins consistently. Some children died from excessive inhalation of the fumes. Children who worked in coalmines often died from explosions and injuries. Overall there was extreme difficulty faced with being a child and having to grow up working during the industrial revolution. How to cite Working Conditions for Children During Industrial Revolution, Papers

Karen Horney free essay sample

Karen Horney recognized that the existing personality theories were over-focused on â€Å"male psychology† and she sought to correct that and present a â€Å"feminine psychology. † She expanded on Sullivan’s idea about the social environment and gave a more psychological explanation regarding the child’s responding to that environment. Her theory of neurosis began moving more towards what later became the cognitive movement describing patterns of coping that were dysfunctional. 5. Goal Questions: a. What are the two basic needs and how does it result in the conflict leading to Basic Anxiety? b. How does Basic Anxiety come from having these two basic needs? c. How do the strategies a person uses to cope with Basic Anxiety result in the formation of the personality—moving towards, moving away, moving against others? 6. Key Terms: a. Two Basic Needs b. Basic Anxiety c. The Hostile World: d. Basic Hostility e. Ten Neurotic Needs (Strategies of Coping): f. Three General Categories / Strategies g. Basic Theory of Neurosis h. Socially Induced Anxiety: 7. Illustration: a. What are examples of a young child (e. g. , age 2-3) showing a conflict between dependence on the parents versus resentment towards them? b. What are examples of a youth (age 12-14) showing a conflict between dependence on the parents versus resentment towards them? c. What are the â€Å"strategies of coping† would the child and youth most likely try? (focus on the examples of Neurotic Needs and 3 coping strategies) d. How would you expect Basic Anxiety to show itself for the child and the youth? 8. Significance: Karen Horney developed a theory that has been very influential both in recognizing and seeking to correct the male bias in the other theories and in developing a framework that eventually led to the development of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy and the Cognitive Therapies. She also gave more depth in explaining the nature of the child’s experience to the social environment and how certain coping strategies become personality patterns that can be neurotic or healthy. 9. Karen Horney’s Basic Motivational Theory: a. CONFLICT naturally occurs in the form of Basic Anxiety due to the fact people have 2 Basic Needs that we have to cope with. i. The Two Basic Needs: 1. Satisfaction of physical needs 2. Safety to feel wanted, loved, etc. 3. Please note than these two basic needs formed Abraham Maslow’s foundation for his hierarchy of needs. Maslow expanded on Horney’s basic premise. We can combine his hierarchy of needs into her theory and form a way to adapt Maslow’s theory into a counseling framework. 4. Discussion: How can you expand the 2 Basic Needs into a Christian understanding? [Maslow’s model allows us to bring in the Meta-Level needs which we can use within a Christian framework to include our need for God] b. When we experience isolation and helplessness in a potentially hostile world we experience insecurity. i. The Hostile World for a child is socially induced anxiety when the child feels isolate or separated from his/her parents psychologically). Generally, anything that disturbs this relationship (resulting in isolation and helplessness—also note Martin Seligman’s theory of learned helplessness can expand on this notion) is the beginning of Basic Anxiety. iii. Basic Anxiety arises from social and not biological needs of that feeling of isolation and helplessness leading to insecurity. c. Motivational Principle: People are motivated to Cope with the Basic Anxiety 10. Karen Horney’s Theory of Neurosis: a. The child’s motivation is a conflict of dependence on our parents versus resentment towards them. Anything that disturbs the security of the child in relation to his/her parents produces Basic Anxiety. i. Discussion: Form a Dialectic conflict and how does dependence result in the coping process of resentment? (Point: Think of resentment as a coping response—even though not a very good one) b. This resentment is a Basic Hostility of resenting our parents frustrating us. i. Discussion: What is the power, importance, and value of Basic Hostility? [Motivation to develop more autonomy, feel safe and secure in the world] ii. Discussion: What is the underlying irrational belief? The demand that the world and people treat me the way I want and give me what I want when I want it. This relates to Freud’s position about delayed gratification. Therefore, our motivation is to cope with the Basic Anxiety in order to feel safe and secure in the world. d. The insecure, anxious child develops various strategies by which to cope with his/her feelings of isolation and helplessness. i. Examples of the Strategies: 1. He may become hostile and seek to avenge himself against those who have rejected or mistreated him. 2. He may become overly submissive in order to win back the love that he feels he has lost. . He may develop an unrealistic, idealized picture of himself in order to compensate for his feelings of inferiority. He may try to bribe others into loving him, 5. He may use threats to force people to like him 6. He may wallow in self-pity in order to gain people’s sympathy. 7. If he cannot get love he may seek to obtain power over others. e. Horney’s Theory of Neurosis is: i. the Basic Anxiety and the neurotic functioning relating to how individuals attempt to cope with basic anxiety—the feeling a child has of being isolated and helpless in a potentially hostile world. Feeling isolated and helpless = insecurity. 1. This is experienced when a child feels separated from parents psychologically, lonely, insecure. 2. Anything that disturbs this relationship is beginning of basic anxiety. f. The Basic Theory of Neurosis: In the neurotic person there is a conflict among three ways of responding to this basic anxiety. i. The three trends are moving towards, moving away, moving against others. All three are characterized by rigidity and the lack of fulfillment of individual potential, the essence of any neurosis. i. Basic Anxiety comes from our perception of a hostile world. Her basic theory: Socially induced anxiety. iii. General assumption: The helplessness of the infant is a determining factor in the basic behavior pattern of the individual. g. What are the Differences Between the Neurotic Person and the Normal Person? i. The essential difference between the neurotic and normal person is one of degree. â€Å"†¦the disparity between the conflicting issues is much less great for the normal person than for the neurotic. The person who is likely to become neurotic is one who has experienced the culturally determined difficulties in an accentuated form, mostly through the medium of childhood experience. ii. The process of change towards being normal requires increased flexibility in the neurotic needs. Everyone has these conflicts but those with early experiences with rejection, neglect, overprotection, and other kinds of unfortunate parental treatment, posses them in an aggravated form. The normal person can resolve these conflicts by integrating the three basic orientations. The normal person can integrate these for appropriate use. v. The neurotic person has greater basic anxiety and ends up utilizing irrational and artificial solutions. There is a conflict among the three trends in the effort to deal with basic anxiety. The neurotic person locks in on one of these needs for emphasis and is unable to integrate. 11. Theory of Neurosis: The 10 Neurotic Needs People a. The 10 Neurotic Needs are â€Å"strategies† people develop for coping with anxiety and insecurity b. The Intent of these Strategies for coping: To cope with Basic Anxiety we develop Strategies for Coping with the intent of feeling safe and secure in the world. However, people often us neurotic solutions which are irrational demands of how the world should treat them or how they ought to act in the world. ii. Albert Ellis said to look for the demand in our thinking because that makes the belief irrational c. The 10 Neurotic Needs are an excessive or neurotic need for the following 10 demands: i. The 10 Neurotic Needs 1. Affection and Approval: Indiscriminate striving to be loved and admired by others; overly sensitive to criticism, rejection, or unfriendliness; Indiscriminate wish to please others and to live up to their expectations. 2. Having a Partner to Take Control—to take over one’s life: Excessive dependence on others and fearful of being abandoned or left alone; overvaluing love because love can solve everything; Extremely afraid of being deserted and left alone. 3. Restricting Life Within Narrow Limits: Preference for a life-style in which routine and orderliness are paramount; being undemanding, content with little, and submitting to the will of others; prefers to remain inconspicuous and values modesty above all else. 4. Power: Domination and control of others for its own sake; craving for power for its own sake. An indiscriminate glorification of strength and a contempt for weakness (in self or others). An essential disrespect for others. 5. Exploiting Others: Dread of being exploited or made to look â€Å"stupid† by others but thinking nothing of taking advantage of them. 6. Social RecognitionPrestige: Wish to be admired and respected by others; basing self-image on public status; one’s self-evaluation is determined by the amount of public recognition received. 7. Personal Admiration: Drive to create an inflated self-image devoid of flaws and limitations; living to be flattered and complimented by others. Inflated picture of himself and wishes to be admired on this basis and not for what he really is. 8. Personal AmbitionAchievement: Intense striving to be the very best regardless of the consequences; dreading failure. Self-demand to be the very best and driving himself to greater and greater achievements as a result of his basic insecurity. 9. Self-Sufficiency and Independence: Having been disappointed in his attempts to find warm, satisfying relationships with people, the person sets himself apart from others and refuses to be tied down to anyone or anything. He becomes a lone wolf. Avoidance of any relationship that involves commitment or obligation; distancing self from anything or anyone. 10. Perfection and Unassailability: Fearful of making mistakes and being criticized. Tries to make himself impregnable and infallible by attempting to be completely moral and flawless in every respect; maintaining an appearance of perfection and virtue. ii. All people have these strategies; it is the degree that makes them become neurotic. Any one of these strategies may become a more or less permanent fixture in the personality.

I Have Had Many Theater-related Experiences. Every Chapter That I Have

I have had many theater-related experiences. Every chapter that I have read in my theater book has allowed me to make a connection to my past experiences with theater performances. I have also seen many plays and could relate to things an audience sees by reading the book. My first theater experience ever is when I was in the Nutcracker. We did a ballet performance for this play. I was very young when I did this, but I remember my instructor always saying that we must make contact with our audience through movements. Since in ballet you can not talk, you have to express the emotions that you are feeling to the audience through movement. This was very difficult. I must say that acting with words is a lot easier than acting through dance. In chapter one of my theater book, I was able to make the connection of "theater" is "work" to my experience of work in a theater with school plays. I know that I did not work as hard as professionals do, but I did work hard. For three months, we practiced everyday except for Saturday and Sunday, from 3:30 to 6:30. I helped with a lot of the choreography, so that made my days even longer and harder. However, this was also an enjoyable work experience for me. While reading the passage, I was able to relate with some of the "theater times" because of my play director. My high school director was very talented in directing plays. He would talk to us as if we were professionals and made us put more into what we were doing. That would be impersonation. When the passage talked about art, I thought of my art teacher who would always design all of the sets and made them look so lifelike. When the passage said that there are more behind the stage workers than on stage workers, I knew that tha t is very true. We had the front and backlighting, the designing people, who cleared the sets and put on new ones, the directing and the building crews. I was able to relate most of the passage through my own past experiences. Chapter 3 talks about "the actor". I found this chapter very interesting. I found out that actors had to go to college too. I also found it compelling to learn that in the passage on page 76, under the picture, it talks about how playing "ordinary people" in a realistic play is often the biggest challenge for an actor. I can see how this can be true, but I never realized it before. I am usually very outgoing, and loud in real life, but if I had to act like that on stage, I do not know if I could. If someone asked you to imitate yourself, that would be very hard, since to do not always realize how you act. Chapter 4 talks about the "playwright". While practicing for my high school plays, I have always wondered who had written them. I still never found out yet because it really was not that important to me. After reading the paragraph about the playwright's career, it makes it a little more interesting to me to know about who wrote these plays that I was acting out. I ask the question "what made them write the way they did?" I really enjoyed the passage at the top of page 92, which talks about the American women playwrights. The first woman's name is Meagan Terry. She states that after the woman's movement, she left the business world that was meant for a man. She felt like there was a necessity to write about very strong women. I admire her for that. The second woman is Marsha Norman. She wrote the book The Second Garden, probably because of the time when she was working in a child's unit of a state mental hospital. Perhaps she thought about what would happen if one of these children e ver found themselves in a place that they could not get out of. That is probably where she got the ideas for her book. Chapter 5 talked about "Designers and Technicians". Some of this passage got me thinking about my

Free Essays on Love And Marriage In The Canterbury Tales

Love and Marriage in The Canterbury Tales The nature of love and marriage is presented several ways in Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales. Written around 1387, it is a collection of stories written about the religious pilgrimage to Canterbury that many people often took in that time. There are two stories in the collection that best depict love, and contain two very different perspectives on the subject. In â€Å"The Knight’s Tale,† two knights fall deeply in love with the same woman, the fair Emily. Neither knight has spoken to her, but each is willing to fight to the death to win her love. It seems almost like an infatuation, because the two knights, Arcite and Palamon, fall deeply in love with Emily at first sight. To decide which of the two will be granted her love, they have a battle, each side with a hundred men. It is interesting though, how Emily does not wish to be married, but does not seem to be phased by the fact that blood is being shed over her. Maybe she realizes that her opinion is worthless, because even if she had something to say, no one would listen. When the battle rolls around, Arcite wins, but is killed when the Gods frighten his horse, causing him to fall off. Eventually, Palamon marries Emily, and they live happily ever after. The irony in the story is how neither Arcite nor Palamon has even spoken to Emily, but each is willing to die for her love. Their love is based entirely on Emily’s physical attractiveness. When Arcite first sees Emily his reaction nearly causes him pain; â€Å"Now, as he spoke, Arcite chanced to see/ this lady as she roamed there to and fro/ and at the sight, her beauty hurt him so.† The love is very superficial, and it surprises me that the story ends with Palamon and Emily living happily ever after. This does seem characteristic of the Knight’s personality however, which can be inferred from his description in the general prologue. He is described as possessing t... Free Essays on Love And Marriage In The Canterbury Tales Free Essays on Love And Marriage In The Canterbury Tales Love and Marriage in The Canterbury Tales The nature of love and marriage is presented several ways in Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales. Written around 1387, it is a collection of stories written about the religious pilgrimage to Canterbury that many people often took in that time. There are two stories in the collection that best depict love, and contain two very different perspectives on the subject. In â€Å"The Knight’s Tale,† two knights fall deeply in love with the same woman, the fair Emily. Neither knight has spoken to her, but each is willing to fight to the death to win her love. It seems almost like an infatuation, because the two knights, Arcite and Palamon, fall deeply in love with Emily at first sight. To decide which of the two will be granted her love, they have a battle, each side with a hundred men. It is interesting though, how Emily does not wish to be married, but does not seem to be phased by the fact that blood is being shed over her. Maybe she realizes that her opinion is worthless, because even if she had something to say, no one would listen. When the battle rolls around, Arcite wins, but is killed when the Gods frighten his horse, causing him to fall off. Eventually, Palamon marries Emily, and they live happily ever after. The irony in the story is how neither Arcite nor Palamon has even spoken to Emily, but each is willing to die for her love. Their love is based entirely on Emily’s physical attractiveness. When Arcite first sees Emily his reaction nearly causes him pain; â€Å"Now, as he spoke, Arcite chanced to see/ this lady as she roamed there to and fro/ and at the sight, her beauty hurt him so.† The love is very superficial, and it surprises me that the story ends with Palamon and Emily living happily ever after. This does seem characteristic of the Knight’s personality however, which can be inferred from his description in the general prologue. He is described as possessing t...

International Dispute Settlement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Dispute Settlement - Essay Example This paper will even focus on the difference between municipal courts and methods for settling international disputes. Body Alternative Dispute Resolution ADR is an umbrella term used for various methods used to settle disputes in the international arena (August, 2009). These methods are used when two international parties end up disagreeing with each other; these methods are used when parties want to solve the dispute without going to courts. There are various advantages and disadvantages associated with this sort of dispute settlement process. International parties resort to this sort of dispute settlement because this method saves money. When dispute cases are taken to courts, a lot of cost is involved. These costs include: fees for hiring and deploying a lawyer, fees of creating and obtaining documentation and court fees. When ADR is used as a method to resolve dispute, cost of hiring lawyers and court fees is eradicated. This method is best for those parties who are in a conflic t in which too much money is not involved. When cases go to municipal courts, the cases catch the eyes of the public and media. Due to this the positive impression of good companies that trade internationally is hampered. This benefit of ADR secures the privacy of the parties involved and due to this method; companies do not have to be held accountable for sharing their private information with the public. Disputes that are taken to the court experience heavy amount of wastage of time, it takes years to settle a dispute in courts. In case of ADR, disputes end up being solved in as low as two to three weeks time period. The time period spend on solving a dispute through ADR is dependant on how soon parties are ready to sit with a panelist to resolve the conflict. Hen disputes are settled in courts, the entire process is controlled by the supreme one that is the judge. In ADR the parties have certain control over the process selection and selection of the panelist which is conducted a fter reviewing a list of experienced panelist. The main advantage of this type of dispute settlement is that this method can lead to a win situation for both the parties; this feature of ADR is rarely present in municipal court cases (August, 2009). There are several upsides of resolving dispute through ADR, but this method is not short of downsides. One of the major downsides of ADR is that it is not enforceable by law, this means that the parties have a free will whether to abide by the resolution or not. On the other hand, disputes resolved in the court of law are enforced and the law ensures that the parties involved abide by the decision. Secondly, equally justice may not take place because the stronger party may be able to direct the resolution in his favor which will result in a loss for the other party. The panelist of ADR might not have expertise equal to the expertise of a judge; therefore he/she might not be able to resolve the conflict in a highly professional manner (Au gust, 2009). International Tribunals ADR is a dispute solving method which is not processed under legal circumstances; on the other hand there are ways through which international problems can be resolved through judiciary procedures. These methods are recognized as international tribunals, there are various such courts including the WTO and the ICJ. The advantages of such tribunals are that

Gonorrhea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gonorrhea - Essay Example Neisseria gonorrheae can not survive for more than few seconds if taken outside the body. It does not live upon exposed skin. This bacterium requires moist conditions and temperature of the internal body in order to survive, grow and reproduce. The most suitable place for this bacterium to live in is vagina and cervix which is essentially the terminal point of uterus protruding into vagina. Neisseria gonorrheae also survives in urethra and rectum. Apart from these areas, neisseria gonorrheae can also be found at the back of throat which is the point of contact in oral sex. Symptoms: The disease shows no symptoms in the early stages in 50 per cent of the cases. With the passage of time, the patient experiences frequent urination, swelling, burning and redness of the genitals, discharge of a yellowish mucus from the vagina, and a lot of itching on and around the genitals. If adequate treatment is not taken in time, the swelling can aggravate to dangerous extent and lead to severe and e xtremely painful pelvic infection. The infection cases the ovaries and Fallopian tubes to swell up. As a result of the inflammation of Fallopian tubes, the patient acquires pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) which is essentially a very painful pelvis infection. PID is not very unusual to occur.

The God Of Small Things

The God Of Small Things Intertextuality signifies the inter connectedness of one text with other texts and it reveals the presence of one text within the other and highlights the fact that no text can have an independent meaning. Every text takes something from the previous texts, and lends something to the future texts. Every text takes something from the previous texts, and lends something to the future texts. Intertextuality is the shaping of texts meanings by other texts. It can refer to an authors borrowing and transformation of a prior text or to a readers referencing of one text in reading another. (Wikipedia). The term intertextuality was coined by the poststructuralist theorist Julia Kristeva in her article Word Dialogue which was published in 1966. Intertextuality generally signifies that the literary works are not a closed network and are not autonomous in nature. Today, intertextuality is used frequently and it has become a part of our notion as one watching film or TV, reading novel , or experiencing art. Graham Allen describes the concept of intertextuality as one of the central ideas as he argues: Texts, whether they are literary or non-literary, as viewed by modern theorists, as lacking in any kind of independent meaning. They are what theorists now call intertextual. The act of reading plunges us into a network of textual relations. To interpret a text, to discover its meaning, or meanings, is to trace those relation [. . .] Meaning becomes something which exists between a text and all other texts to which it refers and relates (Allen, Graham., Intertextuality: New Critical Idio m Series. Rutledge Publications, London, 2000, p.1) The theory of intertextuality is developed by poststructuralist and postmodern theorists, has become an effective appropriation strategy for postcolonial writers. Postcolonialism is chiefly characterized by questioning and subverting the authority. Pramod K. Nayyar defines postcolonial literature as: Postcolonial literatures seek to address the ways in which non-European (Asian, African, South American, but also settler colony) literatures and cultures have been marginalized as an effect of colonial rule, and to find, if possible, modes of resistance, retrieval and reversal of their own pre- colonial pasts. (Nayyar K, Pramod., Postcolonial Literature: An Introduction., 2008, Dorling Kindersley publications, Delhi). The sense of interconnectedness between different cultures is particularly significant in the postcolonial context, a context which arises due to the meeting of cultures. Arundhati Roy uses global referenced intertextuality to such a great extent in her novel. Intertextuality as a device in literary texts can be deployed at different levels. Roy makes intertextuality a conscious motif and device. The remark made on the twins in the context of the Kathakali performance: Trapped in the bog of a story that was and wasnt theirs. That had set out with the semblance of structure and order, then bolted like a frightened horse into anarchy (Roy, Arundhati. The God of Small Things. New Delhi: India Ink, 1997, p.236). Similarly, a rewriting of texts is suggested in the description of the twins as Hansel and Gretel in a ghastly fairy tale in which their dreams would be captured and re-dreamed (Roy, p.293). Roy makes extended references to texts as different as the popular film The Sound of Music (Roy, p.105-11), Heart of Darkness (Roy, p.125-26,199-200,305-06), Chemmeen (Roy, p.218-20), the Kathakali man and his Great texts like Kama Shabadam (Roy, p.218-20) and Duryodhana Vadham (Roy, p.229, 234). Many passing allusions are made to texts as disparate as popular soap operas like WWFs Hulk Hogan and Mr.Perfect (Roy, p.28), Shakespea res The Tempest, The Jungle Book, The Adventures of Susie Squirrel (Roy, p.58-59), Sinbad the Sailor (Roy, p.80), Julius Caesar (Roy, p.82-83), Ulysses and Penelope (Roy, p.157), the fairy tales about the Three Bears (180) or the Ugly Toad who turns into a handsome prince, Rumplestiltskin (Roy, p.182), Hansel and Gretel, and even literary texts like The Tale of Two Cities (Roy, p.61), The Scarlet Pimpernel (Roy, p.182) and so on (Roy, p.187), a recipe for making jam (Roy, p.195), and the boatsongs of Kerala (Roy, p.196-97). The contexts in which these texts are used are, in general, negative or pessimistic. Roy in her novel especially in the first few chapters used intertext to create an atmosphere of 1960s. She concentrated on fashion and culture to create that atmosphere. But the skyblue Plymouth with chrome tailfins was still parked outside.. (Roy, p.2). The reader will eventually realizes that the attributes from the 1950s belong to Kerala and its inhabitants and that many of the attributes from the 1960s the arrival of Sophie Mol with her mother Margaret. And then they were there, the Foreign Returnees, in washnwear suits and rainbow sunglassesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.Maxis and high heels. Puff sleeves and lipstick. Mixy grinders and automatic flashes for their cameras(Roy,140). Chackos exwife Margaret and daughter Sophie Mol arrival to Kerala is a turning point to the novel. Ammu, Chacko, Estha, Rahel and Baby Kochamma get into the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ skyblue Plymouth with chrome tailfins à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Roy, p.2) to pick them up at the airport. The Plymouth car has many symbolic values. The Plymouth used to belong to Pappachi, Rahel and Esthas grandfather. Now that he was dead, it belonged to Mammachi, their grandmother (Roy,35). The grandfather was a man who lived according to the British colonisers rules. He was also a patriarch and harassed his family. However, Chacko has taken Pappachis role of being the man in the house. The fact that the car is now driven by Chacko, who is a self proclaimed Marxist, which symbolises the new Marxist rulers of Kerala. The car is thus a symbol of entrapment and also it symbolises the delay in modernity in Kerala. This delay in modernity is emphasised at the airport when the family waits for their guests from London. Estha, Rahel and Ammu are being resistant and suspicious of their guests. This is emphasised by the smell of London and the prosperity brought with the newcomers: Then, there, among the washnwear suits and shiny suitcases, Sophie Molà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦She walked down the runway, the smell of London in her hair. Yellow bottoms of bells flapped backwards around her ankles. Long hair floated out from under her straw hatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.(Roy, p.141). Sophie is a symbol of freedom and therefore a threat to old Keralan values. She represents a breath of fresh air with flapping trouser legs and floating hair. Uncle Chackos daughter is only a young girl and still a threat to Esthas and Rahels world. Estha was wearing his beige and pointy shoes and his Elvis puff. His Special Outing Puff. His favourite Elvis song was  ´Party ´.  ´Some people like to rock, some people like to roll,  ´he would croon, when nobody was watching, strumming a badminton racquet, curling his li p like Elvis.  ´But moonin ´an ´a- groonin ´gonna satisfy mah soul, less have a pardyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Roy, p.37). In order to make a good impression on Margaret and Sophie, Baby Kochamma is showing off, pretending she is not as behind the time as the rest of the family:  ´Elvis Presley, ´ Baby Kochamma said for revenge. ´ Im afraid were a little behind the times here. ´ Every one looked at Estha and laughed (Roy, p.145). However, the childrens attraction to Sophie Mol and the modern world is there: And the three of them, led by Sophie Mol, sashayed across the airport car park, swaying like fashion models, Eagle flasks and Made-in-England go-go bags bumping around their hips (Roy, p.152). Further on, in the tragic story, Sophie Mol drowns and at her funeral she is still surrounded by her London-ness: She lay in it (the coffin) in her yellow Crimplene bellbottoms with her hair in a ribbon and her Made-in-England go-go bag that she loved (Roy, p.4). Now her hair is in a ribbon. Modernity and change will perhaps never survive in Kerala. Estha and Rahels fear of losing their place in the family is partly explained by the The Sound of Music intertext. Before picking up Margaret and Sophie at the airport in Cochin, the Ayemenem family went to see The Sound of Music. However Chacko and Ammu had different views on the film: Chacko said that going to see The Sound of Music was an extended exercise in Anglophilia, while, Ammu said,  ´Oh come on, the whole world goes to see The Sound of Music. Its a World Hit( Roy, p.55). Rahel and Estha were on their way to Cochin to see The Sound of Music for the third time. They knew all the songs and to know all the songs is also imp ortant to the reader. this time the film would mean something special to the children. Estha and Rahel are scared of loosing their uncle to Sophie Mol and Margaret. They feel as if they are not good enough. In comparison with the children in The Sound of Music, no child would be good enough: Captain von Trapps seven peppermint children had had their peppermint baths, and were standing in a peppermint line with their hair slicked down, singing in obedient peppermint voicesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Roy, p.110). Estha is definitely not peppermint clean and he has been molested by the Orangedrink Lemondrink man. Shocked by this experience, Estha wonders if ever a Captain von Trapp, an uncle Chacko or a father could love him and Rahel. Estha imagined that Captain von Trapp had some questions of his own. (a) Are they clean white children? No. (But Sophie Mol i s.) (b) Do they blow spit bubbles? Yes (But Sophie Mol doesnt.) (c) Do they shiver their legs? Like clerks? Yes (But Sophie Mol doesnt) (d) Have they, either or both, ever held strangers soo-soos? Nà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Nyes (But Sophie Mol hasnt.) (Roy, p.106). Apart from Esthas comparison between him and the peppermint children in the film, there are also several images connected to Baby Kochamma. Baby Kochamma was in her youth very much in love with a Father Mulligan, working in Ayemenem. She decided, at a young age, to become a nun, while waiting for her love for him to be returned. However, the love was never returned and Baby became disillusioned. In The Sound of Music Julie Andrews or Maria is also a nun. The life in the convent does, however, not fit Marias personality and neither did it fit Baby Kochammas. They both escaped the convent life. Still, Baby Kochamma liked the early nun bits best in the film. Ammu explained to Estha and Rahel that people always loved best what they identified most with (Roy, p.98). Although Baby Kochamma escaped the convent life, she somehow still identified with the nuns. She is jealous of other peoples love and happiness, and especially Ammus: They [the nuns] had complaints to make to their Reverend Mother. Sweetsinging complaints. About Julie Andrews, who was still up in the hills, singing The Hills Are Alive with the Sound of Music and was, once again, late for mass: She climbs a tree and scrapes her knee, Her dress has got a tear. She waltzes on her way to Mass And whistles on the stairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ And underneath her wimple She has curlers in her hair! (Roy, p.99-100) These lyrics will lead the reader back to Baby Kochammas feelings about Ammu and Ammu, a divorced woman, who should feel shame and guilt over her failures, does the contrary and is in love. She subscribed wholeheartedly to the commonly held view that a married daughter had no position in her parents home. As for a divorced daughter according to Baby Kochamma, she had no position anywhere at all. And for a divorced daughter from a love marriage, well, words could not describe Baby Kochammas outrage. (Roy, p.45). Thus, within the interpretation of The Sound of Music the reader also has to know the intertext Let it Be by The Beatles in order to link Baby Kochamma to the nuns, Julie Andrews to Ammu and jealousy to love. Ammu is in love with the untouchable man Velutha. She has known him all her life and although he is untouchable, Ammus family has treated him with a certain amount of respect. However, this does not mean that they would accept a relationship between her and Velutha. Therefore, on some days , Ammu cannot help feeling happy, although sad about the fact that he is untouchable for her. She sometimes wakes up to the sound of music, just as anyone being in love does. Still, Ammu knows that the laws say Let it Be. However, as the reader delves further into the plot, Ammu is touched by the untouchable Velutha. Thus, the line I wake up to the sound of music, Mother Mary comes to me refers to their nightly meetings. Mother Mary is Baby Kochamma, speaking for the rules given by Christianity and Caste systems and yet, Mother Mary is also love, in the shape of Velutha. Through this maze of imageries the reader can understand how Baby Kochamma hates Ammu. The novel eventually develops into several tragedies where one of them is the horrifying ending of Ammus and Veluthas relationship and Veluthas death. There are many coinciding circumstances, although it is Baby Kochammas jealousy and personal disappointments that will have the most devastating consequences. In the film, Rolf is the oldest peppermint daughters boyfriend. He is a trustedperson, as if he belonged to the family. He becomes, however, a Nazi and betrays the family von Trapp. Sadly, a parallel between him and Baby Kochamma can be found. Baby Kochamma also becomes a betrayer, although she is one in the family (Roy, p.313-320). She turns from a nun into a betrayer. This imagery, it is also linking Baby Kochammas betrayal with a negative view on Christianity. There are again a multitude of messages cooperating on different levels in the intertext The Sound of Music. Uncle Chacko, the self proclaimed Marxist, who in a way is a betrayer as well. From being almost as a father to Estha and Rahel, he turns his back on them when Margaret and Sophie arrive. Uncle Chacko is thus a symbol of Marxist ideas and the Marxist government ruling Kerala at that time, a government picking the best apples from the basket of Marxism, just as Chacko does. The Love in Tokyo intertext was a successful Bollywood film released in 1966. The film plot involves forbidden love affairs just as in The God of Small Things. However, the most important symbol from this intertext is the two beads on a rubber band holding Rahels hair together: Most of Rahels hair sat on top of her head like a fountain. It was held together by a Love-in-Tokyo two beads on a rubber band, nothing to do with Love or Tokyo. In Kerala Love-in-Tokyos have withstood the test of time, and even today if you were to ask for one at any respectable A-1 ladies store, thats what youd get. (Roy, p.37) Rahel and Estha are twins. I get the impression from Roy that twins form a unit, and that when they are separated, they are just halves. They are Two beads on a rubber band (Roy, p.37). One of the many tragedies in this story involves Estha being sent away to live with his father, while Rahel stays in Ayemenem. The children do not understand the causes of all the tragedies and as children often do, they blame themselves. When they meet in Ayemenem again, they have not seen each other for twenty years. They have therefore not bean able to deal with their complexes of guilt and separation. As Rahel saw her brother in the bathroom, she thought of him: He was a naked stranger met in a chance encounter. He was the one that she had known before life began. The one who had once led her (swimming) through their lovely mothers cunt (Roy, p.93). Now, imagine the two beads, Rahel and Estha, being pulled apart as much as it is possible. As the rubber band is at its breaking-point and the puller has to let go, the beads will slip out of hands and by the force of the pulling, crash into each other: They were strangers who had met in a chance encounter. They had known each other before Life began. There is very little that anyone could say to clarify what happened next. Nothing that (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) would separate Sex from Love. Or Needs from Feelings (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) Only that there were tears. Only that Quietness and Emptiness fitted together like stacked spoons (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) Only that what they shared that night was not happiness, but hideous grief. (Roy, p.327-328) Roy uses intertextuality to a great extent in order to give the story a deeper meaning than what it encompasses on a surface level. However, since a deeper meaning can be found in most fictional work when analysing images and metaphors.

Low Savings :: essays research papers

Americans on average, save less than 1% of their after-tax income today compared with 7% at the beginning of the 1990s. U.S. citizens are saving less because, of the higher cost of housing and interest rates. Many homeowners believe that rising real estate values give them the necessary savings they would otherwise have set aside. The housing boom, like the stock market boom before it, allowed Americans to save without having to reduce consumption. As the value of their assets rise, people naturally feel richer. Consumer spending has held up not because incomes have risen, but because consumers have taken on more debt, mostly by borrowing against rapidly rising housing prices. The marginal propensity to consume is affected by consumer confidence and interest rates as they affect the rate of return on savings. With fewer dollars available as savings to banks and other financial institutions, interest rates are higher for both savers and borrowers than they would otherwise be. That makes it more costly to finance investment in factories, equipment, and other goods, which slows growth in the GDP. The lower savings rate meant a higher consumption rate, which stimulates more spending, more income, and thus more spending, in a self-feeding process known as the multiplier effect. People do not save for the sake of saving. They save to spread consumption over their lives. Also the U.S. has a consumer culture, with consumers always having to â€Å"keep up with the Joneses† Kids seem entitled to deserving goods that other kids own. Since consumers will be spending more rather than saving, equilibrium GDP will not be balanced. Unemployment and inflation will occur since low spending by investors does not balance the low savings rate of consumers. Our high consumption, low savings economy has worked only because our European and Asian allies have been willing to save and produce more than they consume.

The Debate of Proposition 8

Should sexual preference determine marriages? This is the ongoing debate our generation will have to address. California has been in the epicenters of this debate; as we witnessed voters oppose gay marriage in the elections of 2008. The success of Proposition 8 discriminated against those of homosexual orientation. Proposition 8 adjusted California’s marriage laws to prevent a change in language, favoring the majority of heterosexual America. As California’s constitution in article 1, section 7. reads, â€Å"Only marriage between a man and a woman is valid or recognized in California† (California Marriage Protection Act). This perception of marriage adopted to be law is built upon gender identity ideals that men and women have to fulfill. Women are to marry that of the opposite gender and sex. Accordingly, the language used to describe marriage was contorted by gender ideals in the fight for Proposition 8. Those for Proposition 8 argued it would restore the defin ition of marriage. From this perspective, marriage is seen as a tradition that is natural and immutable. To the contrary, the argument against Proposition 8 states, â€Å"OUR CALIFORNIA CONSTITUTION—the law of our land—SHOULD GUARANTEE THE SAME FREEDOMS AND RIGHTS TO EVERYONE—NO ONE group SHOULD be singled out to BE TREATED DIFFERENTLY† (Official California Legislative Information). Marriage is a right that cannot be exercised by all due to sexual preference. Gay and lesbians are discriminated based on societies resistance to amend the definition of marriage past sexual preference. Additionally, the language used to describe marriage and the roles of individuals, is a major outlining factor behind the issue itself. Analyzing the language used in both arguments allows us to delve further into this question and expose why Proposition 8 should have been abolished. Proposition 8 is simply a resistance to change in language in how we come to define marriage. â€Å"Typically, language changes as a result of social political and economic processes such as lifestyle changes, new experiences, counters with technologies and communication media, colonization, or migration† (Litosseliti 19). Although political action may try to slow down this historical ongoing change in language, just as the world changes, so will the language. Marriage will eventually cease to be defined by the standards of sexual preference. In such, the argument against Proposition 8 holds more validity than those in favor of it. Those opposed to Proposition 8 rely on California’s constitution promise for equal rights and freedom to every person, gays included. This allowed those opposed to use powerful words associated with civil rights such as, equality, dignity, freedom, and respect. These are portrayed to the audience from a gay language lending more of feminine like characteristics of care, nurture, and support. This gay language serves a purpose in relaying the message to oppose Proposition 8. As scholar Don Kulick believes, â€Å"†¦homosexual slang serves communicative functions, the most important of which is to ‘reinforce group cohesiveness and reflect common interests, problems, and needs of the population’ (Sonenschein 1969:289)† (Kulick 250). They used the gay slang as to draw attention from all gay and lesbians to feel connected. They refer to themselves as the â€Å"gay community†. This self maintained identity allows them to reach out to all gays and lesbians. For instance, there is a great example in YouTube, where the protest against Proposition 8 continues. In their advertisement they are promoting the Eve of Justice March for gay rights. In the video words displayed are â€Å"if you believe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  followed by the alternating words such as life, happiness, kindness, beauty, compassion, and love. These words of sentiment and support are a prime example of the gay language inducing activism throughout the gay community. â€Å"In constructing particular subject positions for the readers or viewers, advertisements play a role in constituting identities† (Litosseliti 108). The gay language so to speak allows them to create a desired identity for the gay community, which allows them to mobilize themselves within their civil rights movement. Additionally, the gay community has maintained a similar identity to heterosexual relationships on what role individuals play in a marriage. They believe in the similar manner as to what is expected out of a relationship. For instance in the official voters guide an example of daily interaction between spouses is descript as if to show they are not much different than a heterosexual marriage. The guide postulates, â€Å"When you’re married and your spouse is sick or hurt, there is no confusion: you get into the ambulance or hospital room with no questions asked. IN EVERYDAY LIFE, AND ESPECIALLY IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS, DOMESTIC PARTNERSHIPS ARE SIMPLY NOT ENOUGH† (Official California Legislative Information). The gay community displays the similarity of marriage interaction in daily life is the same as any other marriage would be. Marriage roles are portrayed to be similar, and the situation presented above uses words such as, hurt and sick. This invokes the audience to relate to the situation presented of care and nurture for one’s spouse. Although, there are some differences in the expected roles in a marriage, for only a single gender identity is shared between the spouses. For instance, in the role of a wedding usually both partners wear the traditional clothing used for their sex. Lesbians dress in wedding dress attire as the gay men wear the traditional suit. This infers that in a gay marriage their roles are different than that of traditional couples. It objectifies the image of two masculine or feminine figures in a relationship, demonstrating marriage is about love, and not fulfilling prescribed gender roles. The symbolic meaning of commitment is also displayed through the exchange of wedding bands. The gay community’s ideals on marriage are centered more around love than sexuality. Gays use this traditional wedding practice as a way to explicate the language of love, and equality in marriage. To the contrary, those in favor of Proposition 8 argue the need to restore the definition of marriage for the sake of protecting the children. They argue that marriage itself is traditional and the meaning needs to be reallocated for sexual preference. The argument is made that domestic partnerships give all the same rights as a marriage just the title is different. Further, the language used to describe gay marriage is severely negative. Gay marriages are described as â€Å"same-sex marriages† for the sole purpose of pointing out the sexuality of the marriage. We can distinguish this in the arguments presented that our children are to be protected from. The voter’s guide reads â€Å"It protects our children from being taught in public schools that ‘same-sex marriage’ is the same as traditional marriage† (Official California Legislative Information). The argument uses strong words such as protect and traditional as if gay marriage were a threat to our society. Those in favor of Proposition 8 question why they should have to deal with gay marriages when raising children. As I recall there was an advertisement on television during election warning people about societal issues our children will have to deal with. The commercial demonstrated a hild’s confusion as to why she had 2 daddies, yet mommies were the ones who made the babies. The child’s confusion of marriage sexual identities promotes gay marriage as a social issue in raising kids. Those in favor of Proposition 8 claim that gays are putting their adult desires first before the children. Derogatory terms are used in protests against those who oppose Proposition 8. In rallies across California supporting Proposition 8, such as the one on the left, implement the feeling of hate. The term fag implies a negative connotation upon the being homosexual. Additionally, the word depraved implies that the gay lifestyle is a social burden to America. Those who support the banning of gay marriage perceive this as a social problem of a minority group trying to change social culture. Gays should live private lives and not bring their lifestyle to the public arena and force society to change. Moreover, the argument against Proposition 8 holds a much stronger stand against those who support it. First, we must understand that language in society will always change and adapt to the needs of society. Marriage just as many other words will be redefined as society expands out of the two traditional gender roles. The gay community needs to be included as the law has to prescribe to everyone equally. As we see in the protest rallies, the movements’ association with civil rights of the blacks helps their argument gain solidarity. A popular slogan across protests was â€Å"Gay is the new Black†. I experienced protestors in Fresno, CA yelling this to supporters of Proposition 8. The correlation of the blacks civil rights display their desires and emphasize discrimination. In addition, supporters claim children will be confused as to sexuality preferences, yet sexuality preferences don’t usually profess themselves until puberty. In this adolescence the children will be able to cognate their own sexual preference. Those in support are simply trying to prevent gays from their prescribed rights. When have we ever heard of a vocabulary word that needed its definition restored? Marriage is defined differently by many societies and who are we to say that a minority group should be exempt from it. As the gay language further manifests itself with civil rights language, it will draw increasing support from the gay community as well as civil rights activists. Works Cited California Marriage Protection Act,  § 7. 5. Kulick, Don. â€Å"Gay and Lesbian Language. † Annual Review of Anthropology 29 (2000): 243-85. Litosseliti, Lia. Gender and Language Theory and Practice. New York: A Hodder Arnold Publication, 2006. Official California Legislative Information. 04 Nov. 2008. California Legislation. 05 Mar. 2009 .

Privatization of Universities Greece and Italy - 2312 Words

Over the past three to four years, students and teachers have expressed their opinion, anger, and frustrations on their governments trying to privatized universities. Privatizing universities does not always have a positive effect on people but it does help the country to cut down their debt crisis like what had happened in Greece. The students and professors in Greece and Italy have demonstrated and protested on opposing the idea of privatization of universities or public education. It was the beginning of a new era in student’s movement in Europe and North America. Comparing the two movements of students and professors in Greece and Italy in explaining whether the demonstrations were successful, what were their tactics was there any†¦show more content†¦For example, in Greece, there were 21,000 applicants to study informatics in the public university system but there were only 125 available places (Psacharopoulos, 2004). Another reason why public system dominates is political votes. When political candidates campaigns around the country to gain votes, one of the way to generate more votes is to tell the people that in the name of equity higher education is free. That line generate votes for the candidate because in many people’s mindset that going to university is expensive and to have free education system it would benefit themselves, their children or even their grandchildren. Parents interest to have their children study free in a state university system. In Greece, obtaining a degree is a passport to civil service jobs but the question of quality of the degree is another question mark that needs to be answered. Greece is a small country that has 17 universities and more than 30 technological institutes are spread over a huge geographical area. In Greece, public education including preschool, elementary schools, and universities is free for everyone in any socio-economic status. 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